Sugar & Acid, Hawaiian Volcano and more

S1 E2: Sugar & Acid - Tanis holds sugar in aluminum foil with lab tongs over flame at the stove. It turns black. Mr. Wizard explains sugar is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When you heat up sugar, you drive off oxygen and hydrogen, leaving the carbon. Straw Oboe - Mr.Wizard and Eugene make straw oboes by pinching the tips and cutting off the corners of the flat part at 45 degree angles. They each blow into their straw oboes and create sounds. Ant Farmers: It’s obvious why this ant is called a leaf cutter. With its special jaws, it can quickly cut off a section of leaf the right size to carry away. The ant itself or another one waiting below will carry the piece of leaf to the colony’s underground nest. They’re so efficient, they have been known to strip a farmer’s grove completely bare of leaves in a single night. Rolling Pin Code - Leila is confronted by a strip of paper with letters of the alphabet on it. It's a message with the letters rearranged. Mr.Wizard wraps the paper around a cardboard tube. The letters line up but make no sense because it’s the wrong cylinder. Equal Solids - Christian identifies small plastic geometric figures as a cylinder, cube, cone, sphere, a rectangular solid, and a pyramid. Mr. Wizard asks him to guess which is the biggest and which the smallest. Christian chooses the rectangular solid as the biggest and the sphere as the smallest. Hawaiian Volcano - When there is a violent eruption of a Hawaiian volcano, molten lava from deep within the earth spews forth with awesome power. As the hot lava works its way to the surface, gases that have been under tremendous pressure are suddenly released. The lava is blasted into the air. Remember, this is rock. Heated to as much as 2,000 degrees Fahr­enheit, the rock becomes a thick gooey fluid that pours out of the vent and collects within the crater. Swallow Upside Down - Heather bites into an apple and is asked to take a breath and swallow at the same time. She tries and declares: It doesn't work! Inside her throat is a sort of trap door that closes when she swallows to prevent food from entering her lungs. Mr. Wizard demonstrates how food goes from mouth to stomach by having Heather squeeze a marble down and then up an uninflated balloon. He has her stand on her head as he feeds her apple pieces. She chews and swallows them up to her stomach. Crush Egg - Michael is challenged to crush an egg with his hand. Hard as he tries, he finds he can't do it. He breaks the egg into a dish to prove that it was a real egg. He can't break the egg because the pressure of his hand is spread over the entire surface of the egg. The egg also has a strong shell, a liquid inside (a liquid is very difficult to compress), and finally, it is dome‑shaped - a strong form.